What Is Safety Case?

Safety Case — a structured, evidence-backed argument that a system is acceptably safe to operate in a defined context and use.

Borrowed from high-hazard industries such as aviation and nuclear, a safety case sets out a clear claim ("this system is safe enough for this use"), the reasoning behind it, and the evidence supporting it. The approach is increasingly proposed for frontier AI as a way to make safety arguments explicit, reviewable, and falsifiable rather than assumed.

Source: Safety engineering; AI safety literature