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AI Governance Glossary
Governance Concept

What Is Data Controller?

Data Controller is the entity that determines the purposes and means of processing personal data, and bears primary accountability for it.

Definition

Data Controllerthe entity that determines the purposes and means of processing personal data, and bears primary accountability for it.

The controller is the decision-maker — it decides why and how personal data is used — and carries the main legal responsibility under data-protection law (GDPR Article 4(7)). In AI, identifying who is the controller for training data, prompts, and outputs is a foundational governance question, because the controller owns the obligations.

Source: GDPR, Article 4(7)

Plain-language explanation

The controller is the decision-maker — it decides why and how personal data is used — and carries the main legal responsibility under data-protection law (GDPR Article 4(7)). In AI, identifying who is the controller for training data, prompts, and outputs is a foundational governance question, because the controller owns the obligations.

Primary source: GDPR, Article 4(7)

Related terms

Data Processor Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA) Purpose Limitation

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