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AI Governance Glossary
Governance Practice

What Is Accountability Gap?

Accountability Gap is the difficulty of assigning responsibility for harms caused by AI systems whose decisions emerge from complex, distributed, and partly autonomous processes.

Definition

Accountability Gapthe difficulty of assigning responsibility for harms caused by AI systems whose decisions emerge from complex, distributed, and partly autonomous processes.

The accountability gap arises when an AI causes harm but no single party clearly bears responsibility — the developer points to the deployer's configuration, the deployer points to the model's behaviour, and the model's decision process is opaque. Governance frameworks close the gap by assigning explicit accountability: the EU AI Act allocates obligations across providers, deployers, importers, and distributors; the NIST AI RMF Govern function requires named accountability; and corporate governance increasingly places ultimate responsibility with the board.

Source: EU AI Act, Articles 16–27; NIST AI RMF, GOVERN 1.1

Plain-language explanation

The accountability gap arises when an AI causes harm but no single party clearly bears responsibility — the developer points to the deployer's configuration, the deployer points to the model's behaviour, and the model's decision process is opaque. Governance frameworks close the gap by assigning explicit accountability: the EU AI Act allocates obligations across providers, deployers, importers, and distributors; the NIST AI RMF Govern function requires named accountability; and corporate governance increasingly places ultimate responsibility with the board.

Primary source: EU AI Act, Articles 16–27; NIST AI RMF, GOVERN 1.1

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